Mass Communication Essay

check to historical evidence, viva voce modify of news was the common method of communion in old-fashioned India, whereas the modern batch medium of communication system was originated since the end of the ordinal century. The stand for inquiry deals with variety of numbfish topics when analyzing Indian intensity media. The c invariablyyplaceage, popularity, diversification, westernization, commercialization, technology, entertainment, education, politics, sex, violence, women and children, be any(prenominal) of much(prenominal) topics which ar deep and sociologically analyzed in the study.The publish media, communicate, TV, and icons atomic number 18 taken into neb as comprised of Indian mass media throughout the study. Having understood that the nature of mass media is determined by brotherly conditions, a Herculean attempt is make to understand Indian mass media as a manifestation of social implications in association with the society of India. Accordin g to study, Indian mass media is a symbol as well as a reflection of India society, which is extremely heterogeneous, diverse, and most importantly, a place of colossal range of opinions.These criteria atomic number 18 relative, since the earliest forms of mass media (the printed book or pamphlet) were express to the minority of a society that happened to be ijc-journalhotmail. com 20 literate and comparatively close to the place of usualation. There has been a continuous line of emergence of technologies since the earliest forms of media (rock paintings) to the latest digital forms that present expanded the capacity, speed and dexterity of transmission (McQuail, 2000). Meanwhile, as Block (1979) argues, mass media refers to methods of message transmission over space and time.Media involves a communication process by which messages are direct through space both the ijcjournalgmail. com Tilak Wijesundara International Journal of Communicology 20111(1) bring have come into ex istence and have been attracted by millions of listeners. Moreover, in India, television receiver make a humble debut when Doordarshan (DD) was initiated in 1959. Today, goggle box service is uncommitted throughout the country, directly as terrestrial TV and through personal line of credit operators, as satellite TV. When taking Films into consideration, India? s first Film was screened in 1896.Today, Indian Film industry which is widely known as Bolliwood is the humongousst Film industry in the world, producing over 800 Films annually. The present inquiry deals with variety of sub topics when analyzing Indian mass media. The coverage, popularity, diversification, westernization, commercialization, technology, entertainment, education, politics, sex, violence, women and children, are some of such topics which are deeply and sociologically analyzed in this regard. The print media, Radio, TV, and Films are taken into account as comprised of Indian mass media throughout the study .Having understood that the nature of mass media is determined by social conditions, a Himalayan attempt is make to understand Indian mass media as a manifestation of social implications prevalent in association with the society of India. It is due to this reason that a Sociological analysis is applied throughout the study as it bringsthe clandestine realities of Indian society in general and its mass media in particular. Popularity Although it is ostensible that the overall popularity of mass media has been increasing, it is famous that this popularity varies in different media.In compound India, print media had acquired an massive popularity among people as the vehicle of 21 transmitter and receiver devote time in spite of appearance that process (Hornic, Schlinger, 1981). So, in generally, as McQuail (2000) points out, it is not incorrect to denote the idea that the term mass media? is stenography to describe means of communication that operate on a large scale, move overi ng and involving virtually everyone in a society to a greater or less(prenominal)er degree. It refers to a number of media that are now longestablished and familiar, such as newspapers, magazines, movie theatre, radio, television and the phonograph (recorded music).As historical accompanimentors indicate, oral exchange of news was the common method of communication in ancient India. As Malhan (1992) illustrates, religions and religious places (places of worship) employed every available medium of communication in that period. In addition, bathing places, tanks, riverbanks, sea shores, chopals also acted as forms of communication. It is also bare that educational institutions equally played a signifi ratt role in activating the process of communication in India in the past. The modern medium of communication system is seen to be originated in the land of India since the end of the eighteenth century.The print media came into existence at the end of the eighteenth century mean th e first modern medium of communication and information. Indian press immediately is one of the largest in the world with more than 30,000 Newspapers make with an annual circulation that exceeds 55 million copies. Meanwhile, it is true to state that India was among one of the earliest countries to adopt transmit.The line of merchandise subscriber base has increased from around 0. 05 million in the too soon 90s? to around 24 million by 1999-2000. Today, it is possible to view over 75 channels over satellite cable Television. In any case, as many studies do suggest, the prevalence of audio-visual media has not crippled the popularity of scenes. As Malhan (1992) suggests, even though TV and Video provide most of the ingredients within the home with all the comforts, people still prefer to see pictures on wider screens in crowded halls.In fact, Films provide the most direct communication to the mind and images do not need to be translated to be understood. It cuts talking to barri ers and can be enjoyed by both the educated and the fool alike. The songs and dances in Films are immensely popular among masses and popular Film stars pull through in the hearts of common people for generations. What is interesting to see is that western sandwich audiences are becoming more arouse in Indian Films, which has made Indian Films a global phenomenon. Diversification The diversification has been a notable feature in Indian mass media.This symbolizes the diversity of India? s people. In 2001, India had 45,974 newspapers 22 independent movement and the voice of the people. Nevertheless, it is evident that this popularity shifted to Radio and TV with their emergence as audio-visual media, and this shift is significant after independency. Simultaneously, newspapers made a detachment of the general public. It is true that newspapers forthwith have become a class medium. According to the present estimates, newspapers are purchased and read by less than 20% of India? s total population.Meanwhile, the broadcasting media have the capacity to reach out to the people in every four corners of the country. By indicating the popularity of Indian Radio, Malhan (1992) illustrates, as a comparatively low cost spoken script medium, it has become a constant companion for farmers, workers, travelers, sports lovers and for all those who are interested in news, music, drama, quiz programs, farm bulletins, or views of eminent persons on public affairs. Because of its low cost and easy availability, it has been a common man? s paradise, and for people, a symbol of social respectability as well.However, it is incorrect to notice that the existence of print media has been totally paralyzed today, rather, evidence indicate that special(prenominal)ly the book publishing industry has been growing at an exceedingly high level, with around 10,000 publishers and around 40,000 new titles every year. The domestic publishing securities industry is in fact one of largest in the world today. Since its beginning, Television has acquired an immense popularity as the key media in the world. According to one idea, it is clear that Television is central to the processes of media saturation.Indeed, Television is central to modern society altogether (Abercrombie, 1997). The popularity of Television symbolizes the increase of ijc-journalhotmail. com ijcjournalgmail. com Tilak Wijesundara International Journal of Communicology 20111(1) large country where many languages are spoken. Each of the larger languages supports its own Film industry Urdu/Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam. Accordingly, the Indian movie theatre industry is placed in diverse regions as follows ? ? ? ? ? ? ?The Hindi/Urdu dash industry, based on Mumbai is called Bollywood The Marathi blast industry, based on Mumbai and Pune The Tamil film industry, based on Chennai, Tamilnadu The Bengali film industry, based on Kolkata, westside Begall The kannada film indust ry, based on the state of Karnataka The Telugu film industry, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh based on including 5364 daily newspapers published in over 100 languages. The largest number of newspapers were published in Hindi (20,589), followed by English (7,596), Marathi (2,943), Urdu (2,906), Bengali (2,741), Gujarati (2,215), Tamil (2,119), Kannada (1,816), Malayalam (1,505), and Telugu (1,289).The diversification is also apparent in Indian Broadcasting media. For instance, All India Radio? s (AIR) programs have been diversified over the years. Today, its home service programs are transmitted for 3. 91 hours every year. In addition, there are also external service transmissions which present programs in 17 foreign languages and 8 Indian languages for over 56 hours daily. AIR broadcasts programs for special audiences and occasions. Specific programs are relayed for the armed forces, women and children, youth students, industrial workers, and rural and tribal people.Fourteen post broadca st daily programs twice a week in regional languages for women with the objective of providing entertainment and imparting information on household topics. Programs on family welfare, a very important information sector for the welfare of the women are planned and produced by 36 family welfare units at various broadcasting networks. These programs are integrated with the general programs as well as those meant for special audiences like rural, folk, women, youth, and industrial workers (Malhan,1992).Indian Television has achieved an immense success in reaching wide range of viewers. The prevalence of over 75 channels itself indicates its veracity. Doordarshan (DD) alone offers diverse national, regional, and local service for Indian Television viewers. The diversification is immensely visible in association with Indian Films. India is a ijc-journalhotmail. com The Malayalam film industry, based on the state of Kerala What all these factors suggest is that Indian mass media are highl y diversified in order to access soldiery of people.Commercialization/ Westernization In the present scenario, it has been often put forward the fact that Indian mass media are enormously subject to commercialization and Westernization. This is peculiarly true with regard to Television and Cinema. As D? Souza (1998) indicates, contemporary film making is a big financing venture more than ever before. It is usually controlled by commercial consideration rather than the demand o the art. Films make no demands on the power of thinking, rather, ignore it for the sake of commerce.This business line is supported by Malhan (1992) when he denotes the fact that the Cinema after independence is predominately commercial so far as feature films are concerned. 23 ijcjournalgmail. com Tilak Wijesundara International Journal of Communicology 20111(1) advertisements or advertorials is disguised as news. Whatever it is, it can be assumed that the process of commercialization and westernization ha ve been in a tremendous enhancement after 1990s than ever before, with the introduction of ease and privatization policies.Technology It is crystal clear that all the mainstream mass media in India are under the impact of high technological appliances. As Malhan (1992) indicates, the advanced technologies such as adaptation of satellite communication and broadcasting, electronic printing, electronic and digital technology, extensive use of Tele-communication, internet and computer machinery are enormously benefited by the print media today. Television and Radio too has no exception in this direction. Moreover, Indian Cinema is in extreme use of new and utile technology in the process of Film making, recording and screening.However, as D? Souza (1998) points out, even though India has been using an increasing level of technology, very decent political and economic forces have gained control over technology in general and communication system in particular. This has obstructed the communication run for from and to the grass root level. What is indeed true is that Indian mass media today are in the hands of few business houses and companies. As Sahay et al (2006) remarks, the most visible change is the growing influence of commercial departments in the media companies in India.